How Diesel Injectors Work: Solenoid vs Piezo, Injector Coding and Cylinder Balance
Technician guide to common-rail diesel injectors: solenoid vs piezo operation, energising time, IMA/C2I/QR coding, cylinder balance and P0200–P0272 fault codes.
How a TCU Controls an Automatic Transmission: Solenoids, Line Pressure and Shift Maps
How a TCU controls an automatic gearbox: torque converter lockup, line pressure, shift solenoids, ISS/OSS/TFT sensors.
How Ignition Coils and Misfire Detection Work: Dwell, Spark Timing and ECU Control
How coil-on-plug ignition works, how the ECU sets dwell and spark advance, how it detects misfires from crank speed.
How Engine Oil Pressure Sensors Work: Lubrication, ECU Protection and Diagnostics
How engine oil pressure sensors and switches work, how oil is pumped through the galleries, how the ECU uses pressure for warnings and derate.
How Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) Sensors Work: Turbo Protection, DPF and SCR Control
How exhaust gas temperature sensors work, where they sit, how the ECU uses EGT for turbo protection, DPF regeneration and SCR dosing.
How Engine Coolant Temperature Sensing Works: ECT Sensor, Thermostat and ECU Control
How the engine coolant temperature sensor works with the thermostat, radiator and ECU for enrichment, fans, glow and overheat protection.
How Variable Valve Timing Works: Cam Phasers, Oil Control Valves and ECU Control
How variable valve timing works: vane cam phasers, oil control valves, ECU closed-loop cam control, oil effects and P0011/P0016 diagnostics step by step.
How Electronic Throttle Control Works: Throttle Motor, APP and TPS Sensors
How drive-by-wire electronic throttle control works: throttle motor, dual-track APP and TPS sensors, ECU closed-loop control.
AutoTuner Update October 2026: New ECU Protocols for Trucks, BMW, PSA and EVs
AutoTuner October 2026 update roundup: TRW EMS2.3/2.4, Scania EMS S6/S8 and EMS10, Bosch MED17.4, BMW MD1/MG1 bench, Denso VEA Gen2.
How Crankshaft and Camshaft Position Sensors Work and How the ECU Uses Them for Sync
How crankshaft (CKP) and camshaft (CMP) position sensors work: inductive vs Hall-effect, missing-tooth wheels, ECU sync for injection and ignition.